Derek McPhee and Shu-Kun Lin
Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI), Matthaeusstrasse 11, Basel CH-4057 Switzerland; Tel. +41 79 322 3379, Fax: +41 61 302 8918, E-mails: mcphee@mdpi.org; lin@mdpi.org; http://www.mdpi.org/lin
Received: 3 January 2008 / Published: 9 January 2008
Editorial: 2007 – An Excellent Year for Molecules and a Look Forward to 2008
Molecules 2008, 13, 1-2 (PDF format 16 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010001


Beata Jasiewicz
Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; E-mail: beatakoz@amu.edu.pl
Received: 4 December 2007 / Accepted: 30 December 2007 / Published: 9 January 2008
Communication: NMR Spectra of Sparteine N1-oxide and α-Isosparteine N-oxide
Molecules 2008, 13, 3-10 (PDF format 77 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010003
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Alkaloids. Guest Editors: Prof. Dr. Patricia Valentao and Prof. Dr. Mariana Sottomayor)


Rok Frlan ¹, Andreja Kovač ¹, Didier Blanot ², Stanislav Gobec ¹, Slavko Pečar ^1,3 and Aleš Obreza ^1,*
1 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Tel.: (+386) 14769677; Fax: (+386) 14258031
2 Enveloppes Bactériennes et Antibiotiques, IBBMC, UMR 8619 CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
3 “Jožef Stefan” Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: ales.obreza@ffa.uni-lj.si
Received: 19 November 2007; in revised form: 23 December 2007 / Accepted: 23 December 2007 / Published: 11 January 2008
Full Paper: Design and Synthesis of Novel N-Benzylidenesulfonohydrazide Inhibitors of MurC and MurD as Potential Antibacterial Agents
Molecules 2008, 13, 11-30 (PDF format 148 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010030


Nelly Alejandra Espinoza-González ¹, Oliverio Welsh ¹, Noemi Waksman de Torres ², Norma Cavazos-Rocha ², Jorge Ocampo-Candiani ¹, Salvador Said-Fernandez ³, Gerardo Lozano-Garza ³, Sung-Hak Choi ⁴ and Lucio Vera-Cabrera ^1,*
1 Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José E. González” Ave. Madero y Gonzalitos S/N Col. Mitras Centro Monterrey, N.L. México 64460; E-mail: nelly.espinoza@gmail.com
2 Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N, Col Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L., México 64460
3 Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste (CIBIN) del IMSS, 2 de Abril y San Luis Potosí, Col. Independencia, Monterrey, N.L., México 64720
4 Research Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, and College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: luvera_99@yahoo.com
Received: 2 November 2007; in revised form: 29 December 2007 / Accepted: 29 December 2007 / Published: 11 January 2008
Full Paper: Efficacy of DA-7218, a New Oxazolidinone Prodrug, in the Treatment of Experimental Actinomycetoma Produced by Nocardia brasiliensis
Molecules 2008, 13, 31-40 (PDF format 215 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010031
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)


Kyu Ha Lee ¹, Min Cheol Yang ¹, Ki Hyun Kim ¹, Hak Cheol Kwon ², Sang Un Choi ³ and Kang Ro Lee ^1,*
1 Natural Products Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, S. Korea
2 Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, S. Korea
3 Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejon 305-600, S. Korea.
* Author to whom correspondences should be addressed; E-mail: krlee@skku.ac.kr; Fax. (+82)-31-292-8800
Received: 18 December 2007; in revised from: 12 January 2008 / Accepted: 13 January 2008 / Published: 16 January 2008
Communication: A New Phenolic Amide from the Roots of Paris verticillata
Molecules 2008, 13, 41-45 (PDF format 58 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010041


Antonio Di Stefano*, Piera Sozio and Laura Serafina Cerasa
Department of Drug Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University, School of Pharmacy, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +39-871-3554708; fax: +39-871-3554706; E-mail: adistefano@unich.it
Received: 4 December 2007; in revised form: 11 January 2008 / Accepted: 11 January 2008 / Published: 16 January 2008
Review: Antiparkinson Prodrugs
Molecules 2008, 13, 46-68 (PDF format 172 K)
DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010046
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)


Esther Vicente ^1,2, Sarah Charnaud ², Emily Bongard ², Raquel Villar ¹, Asunción Burguete ¹, Beatriz Solano ¹, Saioa Ancizu ¹, Silvia Pérez-Silanes ¹, Ignacio Aldana ^1,*, Livia Vivas ² and Antonio Monge ¹
1 Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Centro de Investigación en Farmacobiología Aplicada (CIFA), University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ialdana@unav.es
Received: 18 December 2007 / Accepted: 11 January 2008 / Published: 17 January 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis and Antiplasmodial Activity of 3-Furyl and 3-Thienylquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-Di-N-oxide Derivatives^†
Molecules 2008, 13, 69-77 (PDF format 63 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010069
(^†Initial data presented at the 11th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, ECSOC-11, 1-30 November 2007, paper c006. Guest Editor: Dr. Julio A. Seijas Vázquez)


Lidia M. Lima ^1,2, Esther Vicente ¹, Beatriz Solano ¹, Silvia Pérez-Silanes ¹, Ignacio Aldana ^1,* and Antonio Monge ¹
1 Unidad en Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Centro de Investigación en Farmacobiología Aplicada (CIFA), University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
2 Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68024, RJ 21944-970, Brazil
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ialdana@unav.es
Received: 21 December 2007; in revised form: 16 January 2008 / Accepted: 16 January 2008 / Published: 17 January 2008
Full Paper: Unexpected Reduction of Ethyl 3-Phenylquinoxaline-2-carboxylate 1,4-Di-N-oxide Derivatives by Amines^†
Molecules 2008, 13, 78-85 (PDF format 48 K)
DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010078
(^†Initial data presented at the 11th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, ECSOC-11, 1-30 November 2007, paper a029. Guest Editor: Dr. Julio A. Seijas Vázquez)


Esther Vicente, Raquel Villar, Asunción Burguete, Beatriz Solano, Saioa Ancizu, Silvia Pérez-Silanes, Ignacio Aldana* and Antonio Monge
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Centro de Investigación en Farmacobiología Aplicada (CIFA), University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ialdana@unav.es
Received: 18 December 2007; in revised form: 16 January 2008 / Accepted: 16 January 2008 / Published: 18 January 2008
Full Paper: Substitutions of Fluorine Atoms and Phenoxy Groups in the Synthesis of Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide Derivatives^†
Molecules 2008, 13, 86-95 (PDF format 66 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010086
(^†Initial data presented at the 11th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, ECSOC-11, 1-30 November 2007, paper a035. Guest Editor: Dr. Julio A. Seijas Vázquez)


Marcin Sobczak*, Ewa Witkowska, Ewa Olędzka and Waclaw Kolodziejski
Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; E-mails: dr.witt@wp.pl (E. Witkowska),
eoledzka@wp.pl (E. Olędzka), waclaw@farm.amwaw.edu.pl (W. Kolodziejski)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: marcin.sobczak@wp.pl; Tel.: +48 22 572 07 55; Fax: +48 22 572 07 84.
Received: 14 December 2007; in revised form: 16 January 2008 / Accepted: 16 January 2008 / Published: 18 January 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Polyester Prodrugs of Norfloxacin
Molecules 2008, 13, 96-106 (PDF format 94 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010096
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)


Muzaffer Alkan ^1,*, Haydar Yüksek ², Özlem Gürsoy-Kol ² and Mustafa Calapoğlu ¹
1 Education Faculty, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, Turkey
2 Department of Chemistry, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, Turkey; E-mail: hyuksek61@gmail.com (Yüksek), ozlemgursoy@gmail.com (Gürsoy-Kol), mustafacalapoglu@yahoo.com (Calapoğlu)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: muzzo_61@yahoo.com; Fax (+90)-474-2121185
Received: 6 December 2007; in revised form: 18 January 2008 / Accepted: 18 January 2008 / Published: 19 January 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis, Acidity and Antioxidant Properties of Some Novel 3,4-Disubstituted-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one Derivatives
Molecules 2008, 13, 107-121 (PDF format 150 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010107


Yi-Chen Chia ¹, Fang-Rong Chang ², Jinn-Chyi Wang ¹, Chin-Chung Wu ², Michael Y.-N. Chiang ³, Yu-Hsuan Lan ², Keh-Shaw Chen ^1,* and Yang-Chang Wu ^2,*
1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Ta-Jen University, Ping Tung Hsien, Taiwan; E-mail: ycchia@mail.tajen.edu.tw, jicy.wang@msa.hinet.net, kschen@mail.tajen.edu.tw
2 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; E-mail: aaronfrc@kmu.edu.tw, ccwu@kmu.edu.tw, lanyh@mail.cmu.edu.tw, yachwu@kmu.edu.tw
3 Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan E-mail: michael@mail.nsysu.edu.tw
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; Yang-Chang Wu, E-mail: yachwu@kmu.edu.tw; Tel: (+886)-7-3121101 ext 2197; Fax: (+886)-7-3114773; or Keh-Shaw Chen,
E-mail: kschen@mail.tajen.edu.tw; Tel: (+886)-8-7624002 ext 359; Fax: (+886)-8-7621902
Received: 20 November 2007; in revised form: 7 January 2008 / Accepted: 7 January 2008 / Published: 21 January 2008
Full Paper: Antiplatelet Aggregation Coumarins from the Leaves of Murraya omphalocarpa
Molecules 2008, 13, 122-128 (PDF format 216 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010122


Luca Zoia, Maurizio Bruschi, Marco Orlandi*, Eeva-Liisa Tolppa and Bruno Rindone
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126 Milan, Italy; E-mails: luca.zoia@unimib.it, maurizio.bruschi@unimib.it; eeva-liisa.tolppa@unimib.it; bruno.rindone@unimib.it
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: marco.orlandi@unimib.it; Tel. (+39)0264482812; Fax (+39)0264482839
Received: 26 November 2007; in revised form: 21 January 2008 / Accepted: 21 January 2008 / Published: 23 January 2008
Full Paper: Asymmetric Biomimetic Oxidations of Phenols: The Mechanism of the Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Thomasidioic Acid
Molecules 2008, 13, 129-148 (PDF format 551 K)
DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010129


Giancarlo Cravotto ^1,*, Emanuela Calcio Gaudino ¹, Luisa Boffa ¹, Jean-Marc Lévêque ², Julien Estager ² and Werner Bonrath ³
1 Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; E-mails: emanuela.calcio@unito.it; luisa.boffa@unito.it
2 Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement, Polytech’Savoie, Université de Savoie, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac Cedex, France; E-mails: jean-marc.leveque@univ-savoie.fr; julien.estager@univ-savoie.fr
3 DSM Nutritional Products, Research and Development, NRD/CC, Building-214/071, P.O. Box 3255, CH 4002-Basel, Switzerland; E-mail: werner.bonrath@dsm.com
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: giancarlo.cravotto@unito.it
Received: 24 December 2007; in revised form: 23 January 2008 / Accepted: 23 January 2008 / Published: 25 January 2008
Full Paper: Preparation of Second Generation Ionic Liquids by Efficient Solvent-Free Alkylation of N-Heterocycles with Chloroalkanes
Molecules 2008, 13, 149-156 (PDF format 39 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010149


Ellis Benjamin ^1,* and Yousef Hijji ²
1 Department of Chemistry and Physics, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA; E-mail: ellisbenjamin@astate.edu
2 Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA; E-mail: yhijji@morgan.edu
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. ellisbenjamin@astate.edu
Received: 26 December 2007; in revised form: 21 January 2008 / Accepted: 22 January 2008 / Published: 25 January 2008
Full Paper: The Synthesis of Unsubstituted Cyclic Imides Using Hydroxylamine under Microwave Irradiation^†
Molecules 2008, 13, 157-169 (PDF format 39 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010157
 (^†Initial data presented at the 11th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, ECSOC-11, 1-30 November 2007, paper e007. Guest Editor: Dr. Julio A. Seijas Vázquez)


Adel M. Awadallah ^1,* and Jalal A. Zahra ²
1 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, P. O. Box 108, Gaza, Palestine
2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; E-mail: zahra@ju.edu.jo; Fax: +962-6 5348932; Tel.: +962-6 5355000 (ext. 22163)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: awada@iugaza.edu.ps; Tel. +970-8-2823311, Fax: +970-8-2823310
Received: 9 January 2008; in revised form: 22 January 2008 / Accepted: 22 January 2008 / Published: 28 January 2008
Full Paper: Reaction of Nitrilimines with 2-Substituted Aza-heterocycles. Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyridine and Pyrimido[2,1-d]1,2,3,5-tetrazine
Molecules 2008, 13, 170-176 (PDF format 56 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010170


Valeriu Sunel ¹, Marcel Popa ², Jacques Desbrières ³, Lenuta Profire ^4,*, Pintilie Otilia ¹ and Lionte Catalina ⁵
1 Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi, 11 B-dul Carol I, 700506, Romania; e-mails: vsunel@uaic.ro ( Sunel), povpintilie@yahoo.com (Otilia)
2 Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Gh. Asachi Technical University, 71A B-dul Mangeron, Iasi, 700050, Romania; e-mail: marpopa@ch.tuiasi.ro
3 Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Environnement et les Matériaux – Equipe de Physique et Chimie des Polymèrs (IPREM/EPCP), UMR 5254 CNRS – Pau et Pays de l’Adour University, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées 2, av. President Angout, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
4 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gr. T. Popa Medicine and Pharmacy University, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Romania
5 Medical Clinic, Emergency Clinic Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Gr. T. Popa Medicine and Pharmacy University, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Romania
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: nprofire@yahoo.com; Phone: (+40)232 267801; Fax: (+40) 232 211802.
Received: 30 December 2007; in revised form: 23 January 2008 / Accepted: 23 January 2008 / Published: 28 January 2008
Full Paper: New Di-(β-chloroethyl)-α-amides on N-(meta-Acylaminobenzoyl)-D,L-aminoacid Supports with Antitumoral Activity
Molecules 2008, 13, 177-189 (PDF format 240 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010177


Winston Quiñones ¹, Bernardo Vicente ¹, Fernando Torres ¹, Rosendo Archbold ¹, Walter Murillo ¹, Martha Londoño ² and Fernando Echeverri ^1,*
1 Grupo de Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia-SIU, Medellin, Colombia
2 Corporación Agropecuaria Colombiana-CORPOICA, La Selva, Rionegro-Colombia
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: echeveri@quimbaya.udea.edu.co; Tel.: +574 2106595, Fax.: +574 2106565.
Received: 4 December 2007; in revised form: 21 January 2008 / Accepted: 28 January 2008 / Published: 29 January 2008
Full Paper: Chemical Composition of Ground Pearl (Eurhizococcus colombianus) Cysts
Molecules 2008, 13, 190-194 (PDF format 129 K); DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010190


Ramadan A. Mekheimer*, Afaf M. Abdel Hameed and Kamal U. Sadek
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, EL-Minia University, El-Minia 61519, A. R. Egypt; E-mail: kusadek@yahoo.com (Sadek)
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: rmekh@yahoo.com
Received: 30 November 2006 / Accepted: 25 February 2007 / Published: 30 January 2008
Full Paper: First Synthesis and Isolation of the E- and Z-Isomers of Some New Schiff Bases. Reactions of 6-Azido-5-Formyl-2-Pyridone with Aromatic Amines
Molecules 2008, 13, 195-203 (PDF format 83 K)
DOI: 10.3390/molecules13010195

Michael N. Levine ¹, Luke D. Lavis ² and Ronald T. Raines ^1,2,*
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1544, USA
2 Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1322, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: rtraines@wisc.edu
Received: 19 January 2008 / Accepted: 30 January 2008 / Published: 31 January 2008
Full Paper: Trimethyl Lock: A Stable Chromogenic Substrate for Esterases
Molecules 2008, 13, 204-211 (PDF format 141 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)


Jun De Chen ¹, Dan Qin Feng ², Zhi Wei Yang ¹, Zhan Chang Wang ¹, Yan Qiu ³ and Yi Ming Lin ^1,*
1 Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
2 College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
3 Pharmaceutical Department, Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: linym@xmu.edu.cn; Tel: (+86) 592 2187657; Fax: (+86) 592 2181015
Received: 28 November 2007; in revised form: 29 January 2008 / Accepted: 29 January 2008 / Published: 31 January 2008
Communication: Antifouling Metabolites from the Mangrove Plant Ceriops tagal
Molecules 2008, 13, 212-219 (PDF format 89 K)


Zhi-Shan Ding ¹, Fu-Sheng Jiang ¹, Ni-Pi Chen ¹, Gui-Yuan Lv ¹ and Cheng-Gang Zhu ^2,*
1 Faculty of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, P. R. China; E-mails: zjtcmdzs@163.com (Z.-S. Ding); jfs1020@163.com (F.-S. Jiang), nebe323@gmail.com (N.-P. Chen), lv.gy@263.net (G.-Y. Lv)
2 College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, P. R. China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: cgzhu@zju.edu.cn; Fax: (+86)-571-8820 6615; Tel:(+86)-571-8820 6615
Resubmitted version Received: 21 December 2007; in revised form: 18 January 2008 / Accepted: 28 January 2008 / Published: 31 January 2008
Full Paper: Isolation and Identification of an Anti-tumor Component from Leaves of Impatiens balsamina
Molecules 2008, 13, 220-229 (PDF format 232 K)


Andrea Brioschi ^1,*, Gian Paolo Zara ², Sara Calderoni ³, Maria Rosa Gasco 4 and Alessandro Mauro ^1,5
1 Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS – Department of Neurology – Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Piancavallo, PO. Box 1 – 28921 Verbania, Italy
2 University of Torino – Department Anatomy Pharmacology Forensic Medicine – Torino, Italy
3 Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS – Department of Neurology – Laboratory of Clinical Neurobiology – Verbania, Italy
4 Nanovector S.r.l. – Torino, Italy
5 University of Torino – Departement of Neurosciences – Torino, Italy
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: a.brioschi@auxologico.it
Received: 4 January 2008; in revised form: 31 January 2008 / Accepted: 1 February 2008 / Published: 1 February 2008
Review: Cholesterylbutyrate Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as a Butyric Acid Prodrug
Molecules 2008, 13, 230-254 (PDF format 148 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)


Yung-Husan Chen ¹, Fang-Rong Chang ¹, Mei-Chin Lu ¹, Pei-Wen Hsieh ¹, Ming-Jiuan Wu ², Ying-Chi Du ¹ and Yang-Chang Wu ^1,*
1 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; E-mail: tony_chen72001@yahoo.com.tw (Y.H. Chen), aaronfrc@kmu.edu.tw (F.R. Chang), pewehs@kmu.edu.tw (P.W. Hsieh), u9587002@kmu.edu.tw (Y.C. Du), u9387002@cc.kmu.edu.tw (M.C. Lu)
2 Department of Biotechnology, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan; E-mail: imwu@mail.chna.edu.tw (M.J. Wu)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: yachwu@kmu.edu.tw; Tel: +886-7-312-1101 ext. 2197; Fax: +886-7-311-4773.
Received: 18 January 2008; in revised form: 4 February 2008 / Accepted: 4 February 2008 / Published: 5 February 2008
Full paper: New Benzoyl Glucosides and Cytotoxic Pterosin Sesquiterpenes from Pteris ensiformis Burm.
Molecules 2008, 13, 255-266 (PDF format 88 K)


Hong-Yu Ma ¹, Yi Sun ¹, Yu-Zhi Zhou ¹, Min Hong ² and Yue-Hu Pei ^1,*
1 School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
2 National Standard Laboratory for Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: peiyueh@vip.163.com; Tel.: +86-24-23986483
Received: 26 November 2007; in revised form: 2 February 2008 / Accepted: 4 February 2008 / Published: 5 February 2008
Communication: Two New Constituents from Artemisia capillaris Thunb.
Molecules 2008, 13, 267-271 (PDF format 60 K)


Seung Ho Lee, Jong-Keun Son, Byeong Seon Jeong, Tae-Cheon Jeong, Hyeon Wook Chang, Eung-Seok Lee and Yurngdong Jahng *
College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749 Korea
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: ydjahng@ynu.ac.kr
Received: 1 January 2008; in revised form 1 February 2008 / Accepted: 2 February 2008 / Published: 6 February 2008
Review: Progress in the Studies on Rutaecarpine
Molecules 2008, 13, 272-300 (PDF format 250 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Alkaloids. Guest Editors: Prof. Dr. Patricia Valentao and Prof. Dr. Mariana Sottomayor)


Ermitas Alcalde ^1,*, Neus Mesquida ^1,*, Carmen Alvarez-Rúa ², Rosa Cuberes ³, Jordi Frigola ³ and Santiago García-Granda ²
1 Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
2 Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
3 Laboratorios del Dr. Esteve, S.A., Avda. Mare de Déu de Montserrat, 221, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: ealcalde@ub.edu
Received: 30 December 2007; in revised form: 1 February 2008 / Accepted: 4 February 2008 / Published: 7 February 2008
Full Paper: 1,2-Diaryl(3-pyridyl)ethanone Oximes. Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Networks Revealed by X-ray Diffraction
Molecules 2008, 13, 301-318 (PDF format 354 K)
Supplementary Material for this paper is available via the Internet at
http://www.mdpi.org/molecules/papers/13020301sm.pdf (PDF format 1511 K)


Roberto Ballini ^1,*, Marino Petrini ¹ and Goffredo Rosini ²
1 Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, via S.Agostino, 1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy; E-mail: marino.petrini@unicam.it
2 Dipartimento di Chimica Organica ‘A. Mangini’, Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento n. 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy; E-mail: goffredo.rosini@unibo.it
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: roberto.ballini@unicam.it; Fax: +39 0737 402297
Received: 8 January 2008; in revised form: 2 February 2008 / Accepted: 4 February 2008 / Published: 7 February 2008
Review: Nitroalkanes as Central Reagents in the Synthesis of Spiroketals
Molecules 2008, 13, 319-330 (PDF format 81 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)


Sakineh Asghari*, Mohammad Bagher Poushani and Samaneh Ramezani
Department of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, P. O. Box 453, Babolsar, Iran; E-mails: mbpoushani@gmail.com, sara.ramezani@gmail.com
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: s.asghari@umz.ac.ir
Received: 24 December 2007; in revised form: 21 January 2008 / Accepted: 21 January 2008 / Published: 7 February 2008
Full Paper: A Facile Route to Diastereomeric Phosphorus Ylides. Chemoselective Synthesis of Dialkyl (E)-2-[1-(2-Oxocyclopentylidene)ethyl]-2-butenedioates
Molecules 2008, 13, 331-339 (PDF format 79 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)


Jaime Escalante*, Manuel Carrillo-Morales and Irma Linzaga
Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Mor., México
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jaime@ciq.uaem.mx
Received: 30 December 2008; in revised form: 1 February 2008 / Accepted: 2 February 2008 / Published: 7 February 2008
Full Paper: Michael Additions of Amines to Methyl Acrylates Promoted by Microwave Irradiation
Molecules 2008, 13, 340-347 (PDF format 67 K)


Karl Vollmann, Ramatullah Qurishi, Jörg Hockemeyer and Christa E. Müller*
Pharma-Center Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; http://www.pharmazentrum.uni-bonn.de/ and http://www.pharma.uni-bonn.de/pharmchem/
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: christa.mueller@uni-bonn.de
Received:  29 January 2008; in revised form: 11 February 2008 / Accepted: 11 February 2008 / Published: 12 February 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis and Properties of a New Water-Soluble Prodrug of the Adenosine A_2A Receptor Antagonist MSX-2
Molecules 2008, 13, 348-359 (PDF format 96 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)


Francesca Leonelli, Angela La Bella, Luisa Maria Migneco and Rinaldo Marini Bettolo*
Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Sezione di Roma, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, BOX n. 34 ROMA 62, I-00185 Roma, Italy; E-mails: francesca.leonelli@uniroma1.it, angela.labella@uniroma1.it, luisamaria.migneco@uniroma1.it
†Dedicated to the Memory of Prof. Vittorio Crescenzi [1]
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rinaldo.marinibettolo@uniroma1.it
Received: 29 January 2008; in revised form: 11 February 2008 / Accepted: 11 February 2008 / Published: 12 February 2008
Review: Design, Synthesis and Applications of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Bioconjugates^†
Molecules 2008, 13, 360-378 (PDF format 106 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)


Iwona Kowalczyk
Laboratory of Microbiocides Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; E-mail: iwkow@amu.edu.pl
Received: 30 January 2008; in revised form: 12 February 2008 / Accepted: 12 February 2008 / Published: 15 February 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Spectral Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Derivatives of 1,1-Dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine
Molecules 2008, 13, 379-390 (PDF format 151 K)

  (open access to this paper was granted by MDPI)
Amin I. Kassis*, Houari Korideck, Ketai Wang, Pavel Pospisil and S. James Adelstein
Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Armenise Building, Room D2-137, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Telephone: (617) 432-7777; Fax: (617) 432-2419; E-mail: amin_kassis@hms.harvard.edu
Received: 6 February 2008 / Revised version received: 15 February 2008 / Accepted: 15 February 2008 / 18 February 2008
Review: Novel Prodrugs for Targeting Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radionuclides to Solid Tumors
Molecules 2008, 13, 391-404 (PDF format 632 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)


Muhammad Shaiq Ali ^1,*, Shakeel Ahmed ¹ and Muhammad Saleem ^1,2
1 H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
2 Department of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: shaiq303@hotmail.com; Tel: (+ 92) 21-4824930; Fax: (+ 92) 21-4819018
Received: 11 January 2008; in revised form: 4 February 2008 / Accepted: 4 February 2008 / Published: 18 February 2008
Full Paper: Spirowallichiione: A Rearranged Multiflorane from Euphorbia wallichii Hook F. (Euphorbiaceae)
Molecules 2008, 13, 405-411 (PDF format 66 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Spiro Compounds. Guest Editor: Dr. Guy Plourde)


Masakiyo Hosokawa
Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science, Shiomi-Cho, Choshi-City, Chiba 288-0025, Japan; E-mail: Masakiyo@cis.ac.jp
Received: 14 December 2007; in revised form: 9 February 2008 / Accepted: 11 February 2008 / Published: 18 February 2008
Review: Structure and Catalytic Properties of Carboxylesterase Isozymes Involved in Metabolic Activation of Prodrugs
Molecules 2008, 13, 412-431 (PDF format 619 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)


Manisha Sathe ¹, D. Thavaselvam ², A. K. Srivastava ¹ and M. P. Kaushik ^1,*
1 Discovery Center, Defence R & D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
2 Microbiology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior-474002, India
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: mpkaushik@rediffmail.com
Received: 31 January 2008; in revised form: 11 February 2008 / Accepted: 15 February 2008 / Published: 18 February 2008
Full Paper: Synthesis and Antimalarial Evaluation of Cyclic β-Amino Acid-Containing Dipeptides
Molecules 2008, 13, 432-443 (PDF format 97 K)


Klaudia Michalska and Wanda Kisiel *
Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pl-31-343 Krakow, Poland
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: kisielw@if-pan.krakow.pl; Tel.: +48 12 6623254; Fax: +48 12 6374500
Received: 8 February 2008; in revised form: 15 February 2008 / Accepted: 15 February 2008 / Published: 19 February 2008
Full Paper: The First Guaian-12-oic Acid Glucopyranosyl Ester and Other Constituents from Picris rhagadioloides (L.) Desf. (Asteraceae)
Molecules 2008, 13, 444-451 (PDF format 49 K)


Helieh S. Oz* and Jeffrey L. Ebersole
Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; E-mail: jleber2@uky.edu (Jeffrey L. Ebersole)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mails: helieh.oz@uky.edu; hsoz1@hotmail.com; Phone: +1 (859) 323-0887
Received: 26 January 2008; in revised form: 20 February 2008 / Accepted: 21 February 2008 / Published: 27 February 2008
Review: Application of Prodrugs to Inflammatory Diseases of the Gut
Molecules 2008, 13, 452-474 (PDF format 142 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Prodrugs: from Design to Applications. Guest Editor: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde)


Jae Joon Lee ¹, Chun Mei Jin ¹, Young Kyoon Kim ², Shi Yong Ryu ³, Sung Cil Lim ¹ and Myung Koo Lee ^1,*
1 College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University, 12, Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Korea; E-mail: jaejlee@hanmail.net (Jae Joon Lee); jinchm73@daum.net (Chun Mei Jin); slim@chungbuk.ac.kr (Sung Cil Lim)
2 College of Forest Science, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Korea; E-mail: ykkim@kookmin.ac.kr (Young Kyoon Kim)
3 Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Taejeon 305-606, Korea; E-mail: syryu@krict.re.kr (Shi Yong Ryu)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: myklee@chungbuk.ac.kr; Tel: +82-43-262-2822, Fax: +82-43-276-2754.
Received: 30 January 2008; in revised form: 22 February 2008 / Accepted: 25 February 2008 / Published: 27 February 2008
Full Paper: Effects of Anonaine on Dopamine Biosynthesis and L-DOPA-Induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells
Molecules 2008, 13, 475-487 (PDF format 132 K)
(This paper belongs to Special Issue on Alkaloids. Guest Editors: Prof. Dr. Patricia Valentao and Prof. Dr. Mariana Sottomayor)